Sunday, February 27, 2011
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Health TIps
BRAIN DAMAGING HABITS
1. No Breakfast
People who do not take breakfast are going to have a lower blood sugar level. This leads to an insufficient supply of nutrients to the brain causing brain degeneration.
2 . Overeating=2 0
It causes hardening of the brain arteries, leading to a decrease in mental power.
3. Smoking
It causes multiple bra in shrinkage and may lead to Alzheimer disease.
4. High Sugar consumption
Too much sugar will interrupt the absorption of proteins and nutrients causing malnutrition and may interfere with brain development.
5. Air Pollution
The brain is the largest oxygen consumer in our 20 body. Inhaling polluted air decreases the supply of oxygen to the brain, bringing about a decrease in brain efficiency.
6 . Sleep Deprivation
Sleep allows our brain to rest.. Long term deprivation from sleep will accelerate the death of brain cells..
7. Head covered while sleeping
Sleeping with the head covered increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease concentration of oxygen that may lead to brain damaging effects.
8. Working your brain during illness
Working hard or studying with sickness may lead to a decrease in effectiveness of the brain as well as damage the brain.
9. Lacking in stimulating thoughts
Thinking is the best way to train our brain, lacking in brain stimulation thoughts may cause brain shrinkage.
10. Talking Rarely
Intellectual conversations will promote the efficiency of the brain
The main causes of liver damage are:
1. Sleeping too late and waking up too late are main cause.
2. Not urinating in the morning.
3 . Too much eating.
4. Skipping breakfast.
5. Consuming too much medication.
6. Consuming too much preservatives, additives, food coloring, and artificial sweetener.
7. Consuming unhealthy cooking oil.
As much as possible reduce cooking oil use when frying, which includes even the best cooking oils like olive oil. Do not consume fried foods when you are tired, except if the body is20very fit.
8. Consuming raw (overly done) foods also add to the burden of liver.
Veggies should be eaten raw or cooked 3-5 parts. Fried veggies should be finished in one sitting, do not store.
We should prevent thi s without necessarily spending more. We just have to adopt a good daily lifestyle and eating habits. Maintaining good eating habits and time condition are very important for our bodies to absorb and get rid of unnecessary chemicals according to 'schedule.'
The top five cancer-causing foods are:
1.. Hot Dogs
Because they are high in nitrates, the Cancer Prevention Coalition advises that children eat no more than 12 hot dogs a month. If you can't live without hot dogs, buy those made without sodium nitrate.
2. Processed meats and Bacon
Also high in the same sodium nitrates found in hot dogs, bacon, and other processed meats raise the risk of heart disease. The saturated fat in bacon also contributes to cancer.
3. Doughnuts
Doughnuts are cancer-causing double trouble. First, they are made with white flour, sugar, and hydrogenated oils, then fried at high temperatures. Doughnuts, says Adams , may be the worst food you can poss ibly eat to raise your risk of cancer.
4. French fries
Like doughnuts, French fries are made with hydrogenated oils and then fried at high temperatures. They also contain cancer- causing acryl amides which occur during the frying process. They should be called cancer fries, not French fries, said Adams .
5. Chips, crackers, and cookies
All are usually made with white fl our and sugar. Even the ones whose labels claim to be free of trans-fats generally contain small amounts of trans-fats.
1. No Breakfast
People who do not take breakfast are going to have a lower blood sugar level. This leads to an insufficient supply of nutrients to the brain causing brain degeneration.
2 . Overeating=2 0
It causes hardening of the brain arteries, leading to a decrease in mental power.
3. Smoking
It causes multiple bra in shrinkage and may lead to Alzheimer disease.
4. High Sugar consumption
Too much sugar will interrupt the absorption of proteins and nutrients causing malnutrition and may interfere with brain development.
5. Air Pollution
The brain is the largest oxygen consumer in our 20 body. Inhaling polluted air decreases the supply of oxygen to the brain, bringing about a decrease in brain efficiency.
6 . Sleep Deprivation
Sleep allows our brain to rest.. Long term deprivation from sleep will accelerate the death of brain cells..
7. Head covered while sleeping
Sleeping with the head covered increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease concentration of oxygen that may lead to brain damaging effects.
8. Working your brain during illness
Working hard or studying with sickness may lead to a decrease in effectiveness of the brain as well as damage the brain.
9. Lacking in stimulating thoughts
Thinking is the best way to train our brain, lacking in brain stimulation thoughts may cause brain shrinkage.
10. Talking Rarely
Intellectual conversations will promote the efficiency of the brain
The main causes of liver damage are:
1. Sleeping too late and waking up too late are main cause.
2. Not urinating in the morning.
3 . Too much eating.
4. Skipping breakfast.
5. Consuming too much medication.
6. Consuming too much preservatives, additives, food coloring, and artificial sweetener.
7. Consuming unhealthy cooking oil.
As much as possible reduce cooking oil use when frying, which includes even the best cooking oils like olive oil. Do not consume fried foods when you are tired, except if the body is20very fit.
8. Consuming raw (overly done) foods also add to the burden of liver.
Veggies should be eaten raw or cooked 3-5 parts. Fried veggies should be finished in one sitting, do not store.
We should prevent thi s without necessarily spending more. We just have to adopt a good daily lifestyle and eating habits. Maintaining good eating habits and time condition are very important for our bodies to absorb and get rid of unnecessary chemicals according to 'schedule.'
The top five cancer-causing foods are:
1.. Hot Dogs
Because they are high in nitrates, the Cancer Prevention Coalition advises that children eat no more than 12 hot dogs a month. If you can't live without hot dogs, buy those made without sodium nitrate.
2. Processed meats and Bacon
Also high in the same sodium nitrates found in hot dogs, bacon, and other processed meats raise the risk of heart disease. The saturated fat in bacon also contributes to cancer.
3. Doughnuts
Doughnuts are cancer-causing double trouble. First, they are made with white flour, sugar, and hydrogenated oils, then fried at high temperatures. Doughnuts, says Adams , may be the worst food you can poss ibly eat to raise your risk of cancer.
4. French fries
Like doughnuts, French fries are made with hydrogenated oils and then fried at high temperatures. They also contain cancer- causing acryl amides which occur during the frying process. They should be called cancer fries, not French fries, said Adams .
5. Chips, crackers, and cookies
All are usually made with white fl our and sugar. Even the ones whose labels claim to be free of trans-fats generally contain small amounts of trans-fats.
10 Tips and Technics for Better Eyes
Most computer users suffer from the problem of tired eyes, dark circles and headaches. Follow the ten tips to avoid them
Studies have shown that stress, active nightlife and above all, the fact that most of us spend maximum time in front of the computer lead to dark circles, puffed and tired eyes. Timely treatment is essential for such difficulties.
Specifically with computer users, physical and visual discomfort is experienced by many after just a few hours in front of computers. It appears that PC users suffer from repetitive stress of their eyes and want an immediate solution to revive the tired eyes.
Tips to reduce eyestrain
Modify your workstation. Adjust your workstation and chair to the correct height.
Use proper lighting.
-Match the computer screen to the brightness of the environment. The contrast between the background and on-screen characters should be high.
-Minimise the glare. Use window shades, blinds or drapes to block excessive sunlight or install an anti-glare screen to minimise reflections.
-Take frequent breaks. Full-time computer users should take a 10 minute break every hour.
-Blink more often. Tears in the eye evaporate more rapidly during long non-blinking phases and cause dry eyes.
-Get an eye examination done.
-Re-focus your eyes. Look away from your computer screen every 10-15 minutes and focus for 5-10 seconds on a distant object.
-Exercise even when sitting. Move about or exercise frequently.
-Get sufficient sleep. Fatigue promotes eyestrain.
Studies have shown that stress, active nightlife and above all, the fact that most of us spend maximum time in front of the computer lead to dark circles, puffed and tired eyes. Timely treatment is essential for such difficulties.
Specifically with computer users, physical and visual discomfort is experienced by many after just a few hours in front of computers. It appears that PC users suffer from repetitive stress of their eyes and want an immediate solution to revive the tired eyes.
Tips to reduce eyestrain
Modify your workstation. Adjust your workstation and chair to the correct height.
Use proper lighting.
-Match the computer screen to the brightness of the environment. The contrast between the background and on-screen characters should be high.
-Minimise the glare. Use window shades, blinds or drapes to block excessive sunlight or install an anti-glare screen to minimise reflections.
-Take frequent breaks. Full-time computer users should take a 10 minute break every hour.
-Blink more often. Tears in the eye evaporate more rapidly during long non-blinking phases and cause dry eyes.
-Get an eye examination done.
-Re-focus your eyes. Look away from your computer screen every 10-15 minutes and focus for 5-10 seconds on a distant object.
-Exercise even when sitting. Move about or exercise frequently.
-Get sufficient sleep. Fatigue promotes eyestrain.
Top 10 Healthy Foods
Healthy Foods
People who want to know which healthy foods should be eaten have landed at the right article. In this world of technology where everything is machine made, even foods are canned. So if you want to know the secret for a healthy diet, I suggest you start including the below mentioned healthy foods in your diet.
Healthy Foods
The average crowd is confused about a lot of things in life. Leave the race of a successful job and a lucrative career, they don't even know which foods are healthy and which aren't. Now healthy foods are those which make your immune system strong and help you feel fresh and active at all time and unhealthy foods cause various health disorders and leads to obesity. Now which are the healthiest foods that should be included in the daily diet? Let's dig out some information about super foods.
Top 10 Healthy Foods
Most of us are very fussy eaters when it comes to choosing healthiest foods. You might be liking some items and disliking some, so here are some popular superfoods to eat which are just irresistible.
Apples
"An apple a day keeps the doctor away". Now, most of us have heard about this famous saying and even know that apple is a nutritious fruit. The pectin found in apples prevents body from absorbing too much fat, and the pectin is also a appetite suppressant food. This means that once you've eaten an apple you won't feel hungry for few hours.
Yogurt
If you make curd or yogurt from skimmed milk then curd is one of the best healthy foods for kids. It's a great source of vitamins, proteins, calcium and vitamins. You can also decorate with your favorite fruits and have it as a dessert.
Cereals
If you want to feel fresh and energetic the whole day, I recommend you to include some high fiber cereal based foods in your diet. This can include various rice or wheat flakes which have low sugar and can be eaten with skimmed milk. If you want to make them sweet, you can chop in some fruit and add it.
Nuts
Nuts are the best option for a healthy snack and are definitely considered one of the healthy foods for diabetics. They are filled with proteins and the right type of body fats, they are a rich source of vitamin E and are also considered rich in fiber. But it's very necessary to eat them sparingly as they are high in calories.
Eggs
Eggs are a rich source of protein and act as a source of nourishment for the body. Proteins are very important for muscle formation and they also ensure proper development of body. Truly one of the best healthy foods for kids, eggs should be given every alternate day to kids.
Turkey
Today's teens live on junk food which is unhealthy and can cause lots of diseases. So why not make their favorite hamburgers and sandwiches at home, so that they stop binging on outside food? Make turkey sandwiches or rolls as turkey meat is low in calories. It contains selenium which has cancer preventive properties, provide a healthy immune system and also increase the metabolic level of the body.
Broccoli
Broccoli serves as an excellent fighter against cancer of the breast, colon and lung. It's excellent for the immune system and one of the most recommended healthy foods to lose weight. It's one of the best sources of antioxidants and has a rich content of sulforaphane, which according to many medical theories prevents cancer.
Spices
Including spices in your diet like hot peppers, cayenne peppers, cinnamon, garlic and hot mustard increases your metabolism. Many health experts believe that eating spices makes you lose up to 75 calories in 2 hours. Garlic is considered as a strong diuretic which helps you flush out excess water and toxins from the body.
Pomegranates
If you're looking for healthy foods for teens, then don't miss out a glass of pomegranate juice. It's rich in vitamin C, K, potassium and folate. This drink is very popular in the Middle East and now even the Western world has started accepting its benefits. One full glass of pomegranate juice can serve as an excellent healthy snack and it's also good for people who suffer from low blood pressure and various heart complications.
Citrus Fruits
Citrus fruits consists of oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit. They are rich in anti-oxidants and also serves as anti-cancer agents. These fruits also help the body to remain hydrated and they also have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and blood clotting properties.
List of Healthy Foods
Other than these healthy 10 names, there are many more healthy foods to eat that we skip just because we don't like their taste or they they look weird. However, by not consuming these healthy foods we ignore the wide range of nutrients that they have to offer.
* Raw Beets
* Flaxseed
* Cabbage
* Pumpkin
* Fish
* Shrimps
* Cinnamon
* Blueberries
* Guava
* Pumpkin Seeds
* Swiss Chard
* Milk
* Scallops
* Purslane
* Sweet Potatoes
* Soy Products
* Brown Rice
* Popcorn
* Pasta
* Low fat Cheese
* Tomatoes
* Oats
* Spinach
* Olives
* Yams
* Plums
* Prunes
* Black Beans
* Lentils
* Extra Virgin Olive Oil
* Honey
* Maple Syrup
* Green Tea
* Water
People who want to know which healthy foods should be eaten have landed at the right article. In this world of technology where everything is machine made, even foods are canned. So if you want to know the secret for a healthy diet, I suggest you start including the below mentioned healthy foods in your diet.
Healthy Foods
The average crowd is confused about a lot of things in life. Leave the race of a successful job and a lucrative career, they don't even know which foods are healthy and which aren't. Now healthy foods are those which make your immune system strong and help you feel fresh and active at all time and unhealthy foods cause various health disorders and leads to obesity. Now which are the healthiest foods that should be included in the daily diet? Let's dig out some information about super foods.
Top 10 Healthy Foods
Most of us are very fussy eaters when it comes to choosing healthiest foods. You might be liking some items and disliking some, so here are some popular superfoods to eat which are just irresistible.
Apples
"An apple a day keeps the doctor away". Now, most of us have heard about this famous saying and even know that apple is a nutritious fruit. The pectin found in apples prevents body from absorbing too much fat, and the pectin is also a appetite suppressant food. This means that once you've eaten an apple you won't feel hungry for few hours.
Yogurt
If you make curd or yogurt from skimmed milk then curd is one of the best healthy foods for kids. It's a great source of vitamins, proteins, calcium and vitamins. You can also decorate with your favorite fruits and have it as a dessert.
Cereals
If you want to feel fresh and energetic the whole day, I recommend you to include some high fiber cereal based foods in your diet. This can include various rice or wheat flakes which have low sugar and can be eaten with skimmed milk. If you want to make them sweet, you can chop in some fruit and add it.
Nuts
Nuts are the best option for a healthy snack and are definitely considered one of the healthy foods for diabetics. They are filled with proteins and the right type of body fats, they are a rich source of vitamin E and are also considered rich in fiber. But it's very necessary to eat them sparingly as they are high in calories.
Eggs
Eggs are a rich source of protein and act as a source of nourishment for the body. Proteins are very important for muscle formation and they also ensure proper development of body. Truly one of the best healthy foods for kids, eggs should be given every alternate day to kids.
Turkey
Today's teens live on junk food which is unhealthy and can cause lots of diseases. So why not make their favorite hamburgers and sandwiches at home, so that they stop binging on outside food? Make turkey sandwiches or rolls as turkey meat is low in calories. It contains selenium which has cancer preventive properties, provide a healthy immune system and also increase the metabolic level of the body.
Broccoli
Broccoli serves as an excellent fighter against cancer of the breast, colon and lung. It's excellent for the immune system and one of the most recommended healthy foods to lose weight. It's one of the best sources of antioxidants and has a rich content of sulforaphane, which according to many medical theories prevents cancer.
Spices
Including spices in your diet like hot peppers, cayenne peppers, cinnamon, garlic and hot mustard increases your metabolism. Many health experts believe that eating spices makes you lose up to 75 calories in 2 hours. Garlic is considered as a strong diuretic which helps you flush out excess water and toxins from the body.
Pomegranates
If you're looking for healthy foods for teens, then don't miss out a glass of pomegranate juice. It's rich in vitamin C, K, potassium and folate. This drink is very popular in the Middle East and now even the Western world has started accepting its benefits. One full glass of pomegranate juice can serve as an excellent healthy snack and it's also good for people who suffer from low blood pressure and various heart complications.
Citrus Fruits
Citrus fruits consists of oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit. They are rich in anti-oxidants and also serves as anti-cancer agents. These fruits also help the body to remain hydrated and they also have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and blood clotting properties.
List of Healthy Foods
Other than these healthy 10 names, there are many more healthy foods to eat that we skip just because we don't like their taste or they they look weird. However, by not consuming these healthy foods we ignore the wide range of nutrients that they have to offer.
* Raw Beets
* Flaxseed
* Cabbage
* Pumpkin
* Fish
* Shrimps
* Cinnamon
* Blueberries
* Guava
* Pumpkin Seeds
* Swiss Chard
* Milk
* Scallops
* Purslane
* Sweet Potatoes
* Soy Products
* Brown Rice
* Popcorn
* Pasta
* Low fat Cheese
* Tomatoes
* Oats
* Spinach
* Olives
* Yams
* Plums
* Prunes
* Black Beans
* Lentils
* Extra Virgin Olive Oil
* Honey
* Maple Syrup
* Green Tea
* Water
Where is the Thyroid and What Does it Do?
Your
thyroid is a small bowtie or butterfly-shaped gland, located in your
neck, wrapped around the windpipe, behind and below the Adam's Apple
area. The thyroid produces several hormones, of which two are key:
triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones help oxygen get
into cells, and make your thyroid the master gland of metabolism.
The thyroid has the only cells in the body capable of absorbing iodine. The thyroid takes in iodine, obtained through food, iodized salt, or supplements, and combines it with the amino acid tyrosine. The thyroid then converts the iodine/tyrosine into the hormones T3 and T4. The "3" and the "4" refer to the number of iodine molecules in each thyroid hormone molecule. When it's in good condition, of all the hormone produced by your thyroid, 80% will be T4 and 20% T3. T3 is considered the biologically more active hormone -- the one that actually functions at the cellular level -- and is also considered several times stronger than T4. Once released by the thyroid, the T3 and T4 travel through the bloodstream. The purpose is to help cells convert oxygen and calories into energy. As mentioned, the thyroid produces some T3. But the rest of the T3 needed by the body is actually formed from the mostly inactive T4 by a process sometimes referred to as "T4 to T3 conversion." This conversion of T4 to T3 can take place in some organs other than the thyroid, including the hypothalamus, a part of your brain. The thyroid is part of a huge feedback process. The hypothalamus in the brain releases Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH). The release of TRH tells the pituitary gland to release Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). This TSH, circulating in your bloodstream, is what tells the thyroid to make thyroid hormones and release them into your bloodstream. | | ||||
How to Get Rid of Lower Back Pain
If you are feeling a back pain, then try some
exercise. It may be hard for sometimes, but it will be easier after some
day. In this post, you will learn procedural method to remove your back
pain forever.
1. If you are feeling back pain, take a painkiller like Tylenol or advil.
2. Take some rest, Ensure that your mattress is perfect, neither too soft nor too hard. Sometimes mattress does cause a back pain.
3. While lying down on the bed, you desire to try heat or cold massage for feeling better. You can try hot water bottle or pad. If you want cold, then use ice pack.
4. If you can try some exercises, then it will strengthen your back muscles. Try crunches or cobra position, this will stretch the muscles and it will feel you good in back.
5. If you cannot exercise, then schedule your walking program. It will work like exercises, and it will help you in back pain.
Either trying to any of these suggestion, go to your physician. Physician can recognize, what is the main cause of your back trouble through your MRI scan.
Mostly, back pain occurs because of muscle spasm. This also occurs because of sitting in a specific place for a long period, sleeping on an aged mattress.
Many times, stress or tension is also the reason of back pain. Overuse of Drugs like ketoprofen, Tylenol, lbuprofen, aspirin and naproxen are also responsible for backpain.
Nevertheless, in many cases lower back pain takes place because of the injury in the spinal cord.
If you are feeling back pain, then take a rest for one or two days. Many times, back pain cured itself, because of relaxation.
If you are feeling a pain for a longer period, consult your physician as soon as possible.
1. If you are feeling back pain, take a painkiller like Tylenol or advil.
2. Take some rest, Ensure that your mattress is perfect, neither too soft nor too hard. Sometimes mattress does cause a back pain.
3. While lying down on the bed, you desire to try heat or cold massage for feeling better. You can try hot water bottle or pad. If you want cold, then use ice pack.
4. If you can try some exercises, then it will strengthen your back muscles. Try crunches or cobra position, this will stretch the muscles and it will feel you good in back.
5. If you cannot exercise, then schedule your walking program. It will work like exercises, and it will help you in back pain.
Either trying to any of these suggestion, go to your physician. Physician can recognize, what is the main cause of your back trouble through your MRI scan.
Mostly, back pain occurs because of muscle spasm. This also occurs because of sitting in a specific place for a long period, sleeping on an aged mattress.
Many times, stress or tension is also the reason of back pain. Overuse of Drugs like ketoprofen, Tylenol, lbuprofen, aspirin and naproxen are also responsible for backpain.
Nevertheless, in many cases lower back pain takes place because of the injury in the spinal cord.
If you are feeling back pain, then take a rest for one or two days. Many times, back pain cured itself, because of relaxation.
If you are feeling a pain for a longer period, consult your physician as soon as possible.
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Saturday, February 19, 2011
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Top list of all time greatest PC Games or best computer games
Here is my top list of greatest all time PC games or best computer games developed so far..
Try playing all these good games and enjoy spending (wasting?) your time..
1) Age of Emperors II - go to 'Age of Emperors' website
2) Baldur's Gate 1 & 2 - go to 'Baldurs Gate' website
3) Battlefield 2 - go to 'Battlefield 2' website
4) BioShock - go to 'BioShock' website
5) Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare - go to 'Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare' website
6) Civilization IV - go to 'Civilization IV' website
7) Company of Heroes - go to 'Company of Heroes ' website
Day of the Tentacle - go to 'Day of the Tentacle' website
9) Deus Ex - go to 'Deus Ex' website
10) Dwarf Fortress - go to 'Dwarf Fortress' website
11 Doom - go to 'Doom3' website
12) Diablo - go to 'Diablo' website
13) Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind - go to 'Morrowind' website
14) Fallout 3 - go to 'Fallout 3' website
15) Half Life 2 (HL2) - go to 'Half Life 2' website
16) Homeworld - go to 'Home World' website
17) Max Payne I & II - go to 'Max Payne II' website
1 Medal of Honor Allied Assault - go to 'Medal of Honor Allied Assault' website
19) Metal Gear Solid - ?
20) Planescape: Torment - ?
21) Pro Evolution Soccer 4 - ?
22) Rome: Total War - go to 'Rome: Total War' website
23) Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic (KotOR) - go to 'KotOR' website
24) System Shock 2 - go to 'System Shock 2' website
25) The Sims 3 - go to 'The Sims 3' website
26) Total Annihilation - ?
27 Tribes (199 -
2 Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos - go to 'Warcraft III' website
29) World of Warcraft (WoW) - go to 'World of Warcraft' website : WoW is a multiplayer online role playing game
30) Wolfenstein : Enemy Territory - go to 'Wolfenstein : Enemy Territory' website
31) Quake - go to 'Quake' website
This is my 'top greatest games list'. Even if these does not enter in to your best games list,
I am sure you will enjoy playing them..
You can give you feedback and request for a game to be added for removed from this list.
Try playing all these good games and enjoy spending (wasting?) your time..
1) Age of Emperors II - go to 'Age of Emperors' website
2) Baldur's Gate 1 & 2 - go to 'Baldurs Gate' website
3) Battlefield 2 - go to 'Battlefield 2' website
4) BioShock - go to 'BioShock' website
5) Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare - go to 'Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare' website
6) Civilization IV - go to 'Civilization IV' website
7) Company of Heroes - go to 'Company of Heroes ' website
Day of the Tentacle - go to 'Day of the Tentacle' website 9) Deus Ex - go to 'Deus Ex' website
10) Dwarf Fortress - go to 'Dwarf Fortress' website
11 Doom - go to 'Doom3' website
12) Diablo - go to 'Diablo' website
13) Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind - go to 'Morrowind' website
14) Fallout 3 - go to 'Fallout 3' website
15) Half Life 2 (HL2) - go to 'Half Life 2' website
16) Homeworld - go to 'Home World' website
17) Max Payne I & II - go to 'Max Payne II' website
1
Medal of Honor Allied Assault - go to 'Medal of Honor Allied Assault' website19) Metal Gear Solid - ?
20) Planescape: Torment - ?
21) Pro Evolution Soccer 4 - ?
22) Rome: Total War - go to 'Rome: Total War' website
23) Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic (KotOR) - go to 'KotOR' website
24) System Shock 2 - go to 'System Shock 2' website
25) The Sims 3 - go to 'The Sims 3' website
26) Total Annihilation - ?
27 Tribes (199
-2
Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos - go to 'Warcraft III' website 29) World of Warcraft (WoW) - go to 'World of Warcraft' website : WoW is a multiplayer online role playing game
30) Wolfenstein : Enemy Territory - go to 'Wolfenstein : Enemy Territory' website
31) Quake - go to 'Quake' website
This is my 'top greatest games list'. Even if these does not enter in to your best games list,
I am sure you will enjoy playing them..
You can give you feedback and request for a game to be added for removed from this list.
How to cheat at Minesweeper Game:
1. Start Minesweeper,
2. Type "xyzzy" without the quotes,
3. Hit Shift and Enter at the same time,
4. Minimize all application windows that hide the desktop. The uppermost pixel in the top left corner of your desktop will turn black when you mouse over a mine, and white when it's safe to click.
2. Type "xyzzy" without the quotes,
3. Hit Shift and Enter at the same time,
4. Minimize all application windows that hide the desktop. The uppermost pixel in the top left corner of your desktop will turn black when you mouse over a mine, and white when it's safe to click.
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роирокро░் 2 : роЕро╡ро░்родாрой் роЪேроЯ்роЯைроХ்роХாро░рой்
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роЪாроХ்роХроЯ рооுрой்ройாроЯி роХрод்родிродாрой் рокேроЪுро╡ாро░ு
PUBLIC TOILET
THE LADY IS GETTING READY TO ENTER!!
This is a picture of a public toilet in Houston
Now that you've seen the outside view,
take a look at the inside view...
It's made entirely of one-way glass!
No one can see you from the outside, but when
you are inside it's like sitting in a clear
glass box!
Now would you...COULD YOU....???
------------ --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- -----
Missing Husband
A woman went to police station to file a report for her missing husband:
Woman: I lost my husband
Inspector: What is his height
Woman: I never noticed
Inspector: Slim or healthy
Woman Not slim can be healthy
Inspector: Color of eyes
Woman: Never noticed
Inspector: Color of hair
Woman: Should be black
Inspector: What was he wearing
Woman: I don't remember exactly
Inspector: Was somebody with him ?????????
Woman: Yes my Labrador dog (Romeo), tied with a golden chain, height 30 inches, healthy, blue eyes, blackish brown hair, his left foot thumb nail is slightly broken, he never barks, wearing a golden belt studded with blue balls, he likes non veg food, we eat together,
we jog together.
The woman started crying
Inspector: Let's search for the dog first!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Woman: I lost my husband
Inspector: What is his height
Woman: I never noticed
Inspector: Slim or healthy
Woman Not slim can be healthy
Inspector: Color of eyes
Woman: Never noticed
Inspector: Color of hair
Woman: Should be black
Inspector: What was he wearing
Woman: I don't remember exactly
Inspector: Was somebody with him ?????????
Woman: Yes my Labrador dog (Romeo), tied with a golden chain, height 30 inches, healthy, blue eyes, blackish brown hair, his left foot thumb nail is slightly broken, he never barks, wearing a golden belt studded with blue balls, he likes non veg food, we eat together,
we jog together.
The woman started crying
Inspector: Let's search for the dog first!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Mr.Singh salutes A Raja
ропрок்рокா роЪாрооி... роЙрой் родிроЪைроХ்роХே роТро░ு роХுроо்рокுроЯு. роЯெро▓்ро▓ி рокроХ்роХроо் ро╡рои்родுроЯாродேрок்рокா.. роЙрой்ройோроЯ роЪேрод்родு роОрой்ройைропுроо் роХுро┤ிро▓்ро▓ родро│்ро│ிроЯுро╡ே....
how to change default editor in filezilla?
* Open ftp(filezilla).
* Go to Edit->Settings.
* In left pane under Select page, click "File editing".
* Under "Default editor:", choose "Use custom editor" and browse for the editor you want to use as default.
* Then choose "Always use default editor".
* Hit Ok .
Now your default editor in filezilla is changed.......
* Go to Edit->Settings.
* In left pane under Select page, click "File editing".
* Under "Default editor:", choose "Use custom editor" and browse for the editor you want to use as default.
* Then choose "Always use default editor".
* Hit Ok .
Now your default editor in filezilla is changed.......
security risks from unpatched media players
If you are running versions of Flash, Java, and QuickTime that are unpatched you could be at risk
Tests have shown which applications are the most likely to be installed but unpatched on users' PCs.
In the following list, number 1 represents the unpatched application that was found on the greatest number of users' machines, with higher numbers representing fewer machines:
1. Adobe Flash Player 9.x
2. Sun Java JRE 1.6.x/6.x
3. Macromedia Flash Player 6.x
4. Macromedia Flash Player 8.x
5. Macromedia Flash Player 7.x
6. Apple QuickTime 7.x
7. Macromedia Flash Player 5.x
8. Mozilla Firefox 2.0.x
9. Macromedia Flash Player 4.x
10. Adobe Reader 7.x
These applications are media players, browser plug-ins that play media files, or a browser itself (i.e., Firefox). All of these programs can be attacked across the Internet for example, if you play an infected Flash video you find on a Web site or that you received via e-mail. Consequently, using an older version of these program poses a real security risk.
All of the applications mentioned above support automatic updating. They also allow you to choose to update them manually which some users prefer. If you prefer to update manually, update them on your regulary scheduled malware scan schedule.
Tests have shown which applications are the most likely to be installed but unpatched on users' PCs.
In the following list, number 1 represents the unpatched application that was found on the greatest number of users' machines, with higher numbers representing fewer machines:
1. Adobe Flash Player 9.x
2. Sun Java JRE 1.6.x/6.x
3. Macromedia Flash Player 6.x
4. Macromedia Flash Player 8.x
5. Macromedia Flash Player 7.x
6. Apple QuickTime 7.x
7. Macromedia Flash Player 5.x
8. Mozilla Firefox 2.0.x
9. Macromedia Flash Player 4.x
10. Adobe Reader 7.x
These applications are media players, browser plug-ins that play media files, or a browser itself (i.e., Firefox). All of these programs can be attacked across the Internet for example, if you play an infected Flash video you find on a Web site or that you received via e-mail. Consequently, using an older version of these program poses a real security risk.
All of the applications mentioned above support automatic updating. They also allow you to choose to update them manually which some users prefer. If you prefer to update manually, update them on your regulary scheduled malware scan schedule.
Use Bandwidth Profiler and Simulate Download in Flash
You can simulate download in Flash. To check how flash movies are loaded for slow network speed users.
1. Run your flash file, go to main menu Control -> Test Movie (or press Ctrl + Enter).
2. Click on View -> Bandwidth Profiler (or press Ctrl + B) in Test Movie window.
3. Click on View -> Simulate Download (or press Ctrl + Enter) in Test Movie window.
4. You can adjust the download speed by View -> Download Settings -> (different speed options).
1. Run your flash file, go to main menu Control -> Test Movie (or press Ctrl + Enter).
2. Click on View -> Bandwidth Profiler (or press Ctrl + B) in Test Movie window.
3. Click on View -> Simulate Download (or press Ctrl + Enter) in Test Movie window.
4. You can adjust the download speed by View -> Download Settings -> (different speed options).
Very cool Firefox trick
Just Try it
Just enter the codes below on your Firefox address bar and just hit enter.
chrome://browser/content/browser.xul
Opens another Firefox inside a tab in the the existing Firefox window.
chrome://browser/content/preferences/preferences.xul
Opens the Options dialog box inside the Firefox tab.
chrome://browser/content/bookmarks/bookmarksPanel.xul
Opens the Bookmarks Manager inside a tab in the Firefox window.
chrome://browser/content/history/history-panel.xul
Opens the History Panel in the Firefox tab.
chrome://mozapps/content/extensions/extensions.xul?type=extensions
Opens the Extensions window in the current tab.
chrome://browser/content/preferences/cookies.xul
Opens the cookies window inside a tab in the Firefox window.
chrome://browser/content/preferences/sanitize.xul
Opens the Clear Private Data window inside the current tab.
chrome://browser/content/aboutDialog.xul
Opens the About Firefox Dialog box inside the tab.
chrome://browser/content/credits.xhtml
Opens a scrolling list of firefox contributors. The ones who we must thank for creating Firefox
chrome://global/content/alerts/alert.xul
Dancing Firefox.
Interesting........
Just enter the codes below on your Firefox address bar and just hit enter.
chrome://browser/content/browser.xul
Opens another Firefox inside a tab in the the existing Firefox window.
chrome://browser/content/preferences/preferences.xul
Opens the Options dialog box inside the Firefox tab.
chrome://browser/content/bookmarks/bookmarksPanel.xul
Opens the Bookmarks Manager inside a tab in the Firefox window.
chrome://browser/content/history/history-panel.xul
Opens the History Panel in the Firefox tab.
chrome://mozapps/content/extensions/extensions.xul?type=extensions
Opens the Extensions window in the current tab.
chrome://browser/content/preferences/cookies.xul
Opens the cookies window inside a tab in the Firefox window.
chrome://browser/content/preferences/sanitize.xul
Opens the Clear Private Data window inside the current tab.
chrome://browser/content/aboutDialog.xul
Opens the About Firefox Dialog box inside the tab.
chrome://browser/content/credits.xhtml
Opens a scrolling list of firefox contributors. The ones who we must thank for creating Firefox
chrome://global/content/alerts/alert.xul
Dancing Firefox.
Interesting........
IMPORTANT: Reducing memory usage of firefox
Hi Guys,
Every one who use firefox would know it takes too much of RAM.
Just found a simple fix to free the RAM usage
You can install the addon https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/5972 and it will do the work.
I found an improvement by nearly 50%.
You can check it yourself and give the comments
- Press ctrl+shift+Esc and note the memory used by firefox
- GO to https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/5972 and install the addon
- Close the browser
- Reopen the browser and work for few minutes
- Now check back the memory usage....
Every one who use firefox would know it takes too much of RAM.
Just found a simple fix to free the RAM usage
You can install the addon https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/5972 and it will do the work.
I found an improvement by nearly 50%.
You can check it yourself and give the comments
- Press ctrl+shift+Esc and note the memory used by firefox
- GO to https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/5972 and install the addon
- Close the browser
- Reopen the browser and work for few minutes
- Now check back the memory usage....
6 Essential about:config Tweaks
About:config is amazingly powerful – it lets you change almost every
aspect of how Firefox functions. There are a few settings that we think
are essential to change. Make these tweaks first when you encounter a
fresh install of Firefox.
browser.urlbar.autoFill = True
Enable auto-complete for URLs when typing into the location bar.
browser.sessionstore.max_tabs_undo = 15
Increase the number of closed tabs that firefox has stored in its cache to 15.
browser.tabs.tabMinWidth = 75
Show more tabs in a single window by narrowing the minimum width of a tab.
browser.search.openintab = True
Automatically open new search results in a new tab
middlemouse.paste = True
Use the middle mouse button to paste text from your clipboard.
browser.blink_allowed = False
Disables annoying text with the Blink tag.
browser.urlbar.autoFill = True
Enable auto-complete for URLs when typing into the location bar.
browser.sessionstore.max_tabs_undo = 15
Increase the number of closed tabs that firefox has stored in its cache to 15.
browser.tabs.tabMinWidth = 75
Show more tabs in a single window by narrowing the minimum width of a tab.
browser.search.openintab = True
Automatically open new search results in a new tab
middlemouse.paste = True
Use the middle mouse button to paste text from your clipboard.
browser.blink_allowed = False
Disables annoying text with the Blink tag.
Limit RAM usage
If Firefox takes up too much memory on your computer, you can limit the amount of RAM it is allowed to us.
Go to about:config, filter "browser.cache" and select "browser.cache.disk.capacity". It’s set to 50000, but you can lower it, depending on how much memory you have. Try 15000 if you have between 512MB and 1GB ram.
Go to about:config, filter "browser.cache" and select "browser.cache.disk.capacity". It’s set to 50000, but you can lower it, depending on how much memory you have. Try 15000 if you have between 512MB and 1GB ram.
Enable Status Bar change in FireFox browser
By default, firefox doesn't
changes the status bar text. Hence inorder to enable status bar change
in FireFox browser, do the following steps:
* Type "about:config" in address bar.
* Find "dom.disable_window_status_change".
* Check whether the value is set to "true".
* If true then right click on the value tab and select "Toggle". It will change to "false"
Incomplete Verbs
Please read the following sentences:
* The baby sleeps.
* They made him king.
The first sentence shows complete sense without any help of any other word whereas the sense of second sentence completes only with the help of the word ‘king’.
Incomplete Verbs: The verbs, which require help of any other word(s) are called ‘Incomplete Verbs’. The word, which helps to complete the sense of incomplete verb are called ‘Complement of the Verb or Completion of the Predicate.
Intransitive verbs like appear, be, become, get, grow, live, look, seem etc. are generally used as incomplete verb.
But some transitive verbs also are incomplete and require some other word or words besides their object to give a complete predication.
Examples:
* They call him rascal.
* The boys made Mohan captain.
* His parents named him Sohan.
* I consider the man trustworthy.
* The baby sleeps.
* They made him king.
The first sentence shows complete sense without any help of any other word whereas the sense of second sentence completes only with the help of the word ‘king’.
Incomplete Verbs: The verbs, which require help of any other word(s) are called ‘Incomplete Verbs’. The word, which helps to complete the sense of incomplete verb are called ‘Complement of the Verb or Completion of the Predicate.
Intransitive verbs like appear, be, become, get, grow, live, look, seem etc. are generally used as incomplete verb.
But some transitive verbs also are incomplete and require some other word or words besides their object to give a complete predication.
Examples:
* They call him rascal.
* The boys made Mohan captain.
* His parents named him Sohan.
* I consider the man trustworthy.
Topobo ├∓ robot with kinetic memory
Robot toys are very popular among children these days. Especially DIY
robot kits are getting more popular as these kits simulate imagination
and creativity. Topobo kit is becoming a most playful robot kit with
kinetic memory where assembled robot can memorize it motion and play it
back. It is possible to teach robot various motions like animal walk,
dance by simply guiding it.
Topobo was developed by three researchers of MIT Media Lab. This is not new toy, but since 2003 it was used for various exhibits and only few luckies could try this toy. Now this kit is widely accessible.
Topobo kit consists of passives – different building blocks based on cubic and tetrahedral crystals and actives that are robotic nodes with kinetic memory. There also are so called Queen actives that can be used as remote controllers or for centralized control. Other special parts are backpack or simply blocks with sensors and feedback, where without special knowledge they can be used without special programming. Of course there also is a remote controller which enables to control robot remotely. There is also useful controlled called Topobo Remix which acts as a sampler / sequencer to compose robotic motion.
By using these components it is possible to assemble various robots that mimic real life animals like dogs, crabs or even futuristic creatures. The main thing remains that it is possible to program any motion you can imagine without need of computer. So how it is possible?
Probably every knows Lego Mindstorms kit NXT which can be programmed using PC. Programming interface of NXT-bots is pretty simple – based on drag’n drop (of course it is possible to write own programs by using one of the languages including RCX code, ROBOLAB, C++). But this still need some computer skills that 5 year old kids may not have. Topobo kit removes the need of computer – everything is built inside and combines so that children could play like with regular toys
Topobo was developed by three researchers of MIT Media Lab. This is not new toy, but since 2003 it was used for various exhibits and only few luckies could try this toy. Now this kit is widely accessible.
Topobo kit consists of passives – different building blocks based on cubic and tetrahedral crystals and actives that are robotic nodes with kinetic memory. There also are so called Queen actives that can be used as remote controllers or for centralized control. Other special parts are backpack or simply blocks with sensors and feedback, where without special knowledge they can be used without special programming. Of course there also is a remote controller which enables to control robot remotely. There is also useful controlled called Topobo Remix which acts as a sampler / sequencer to compose robotic motion.
By using these components it is possible to assemble various robots that mimic real life animals like dogs, crabs or even futuristic creatures. The main thing remains that it is possible to program any motion you can imagine without need of computer. So how it is possible?
Probably every knows Lego Mindstorms kit NXT which can be programmed using PC. Programming interface of NXT-bots is pretty simple – based on drag’n drop (of course it is possible to write own programs by using one of the languages including RCX code, ROBOLAB, C++). But this still need some computer skills that 5 year old kids may not have. Topobo kit removes the need of computer – everything is built inside and combines so that children could play like with regular toys
EMF
The magnetic force (q v × B) component of the Lorentz force is
responsible for motional electromotive force (or motional EMF), the
phenomenon underlying many electrical generators. When a conductor is
moved through a magnetic field, the magnetic force tries to push
electrons through the wire, and this creates the EMF. The term "motional
EMF" is applied to this phenomenon, since the EMF is due to the motion
of the wire.
In other electrical generators, the magnets move, while the conductors do not. In this case, the EMF is due to the electric force (qE) term in the Lorentz Force equation. The electric field in question is created by the changing magnetic field, resulting in an induced EMF, as described by the Maxwell-Faraday equation (one of the four modern Maxwell's equations).[20]
The two effects are not however symmetric. As one demonstration of this, a charge rotating around the magnetic axis of a stationary, cylindrically-symmetric bar magnet will experience a magnetic force, whereas if the charge is stationary and the magnet is rotating about its axis, there will be no force. This asymmetric effect is called Faraday's paradox.
Both of these EMF's, despite their different origins, can be described by the same equation, namely, the EMF is the rate of change of magnetic flux through the wire. (This is Faraday's law of induction, see above.) Einstein's theory of special relativity was partially motivated by the desire to better understand this link between the two effects.[20] In fact, the electric and magnetic fields are different faces of the same electromagnetic field, and in moving from one inertial frame to another, the solenoidal vector field portion of the E-field can change in whole or in part to a B-field or vice versa.
In other electrical generators, the magnets move, while the conductors do not. In this case, the EMF is due to the electric force (qE) term in the Lorentz Force equation. The electric field in question is created by the changing magnetic field, resulting in an induced EMF, as described by the Maxwell-Faraday equation (one of the four modern Maxwell's equations).[20]
The two effects are not however symmetric. As one demonstration of this, a charge rotating around the magnetic axis of a stationary, cylindrically-symmetric bar magnet will experience a magnetic force, whereas if the charge is stationary and the magnet is rotating about its axis, there will be no force. This asymmetric effect is called Faraday's paradox.
Both of these EMF's, despite their different origins, can be described by the same equation, namely, the EMF is the rate of change of magnetic flux through the wire. (This is Faraday's law of induction, see above.) Einstein's theory of special relativity was partially motivated by the desire to better understand this link between the two effects.[20] In fact, the electric and magnetic fields are different faces of the same electromagnetic field, and in moving from one inertial frame to another, the solenoidal vector field portion of the E-field can change in whole or in part to a B-field or vice versa.
Digital circuits
digital electronic circuits, electric signals take on discrete values,
to represent logical and numeric values [3]. These values represent the
information that is being processed. In the vast majority of cases,
binary encoding is used: one voltage (typically the more positive value)
represents a binary '1' and another voltage (usually a value near the
ground potential, 0 V) represents a binary '0'. Digital circuits make
extensive use of transistors, interconnected to create logic gates that
provide the functions of Boolean logic: AND, OR, NOT, and all possible
combinations thereof. Transistors interconnected so as to provide
positive feedback are used as latches and flip flops, circuits that have
two or more metastable states, and remain in one of these states until
changed by an external input. Digital circuits therefore can provide
both logic and memory, enabling them to perform arbitrary computational
functions. (Memory based on flip-flops is known as SRAM (static random
access memory). Memory based on the storage of charge in a capacitor,
DRAM (dynamic random access memory) is also widely used.)
Digital circuits are fundamentally easier to design than analog circuits for the same level of complexity, because each logic gate regenerates the binary signal, so the designer need not account for distortion, gain control, offset voltages, and other concerns faced in an analog design. As a consequence, extremely complex digital circuits, with billions of logic elements integrated on a single silicon chip, can be fabricated at low cost. Such digital integrated circuits are ubiquitous in modern electronic devices, such as calculators, mobile phone handsets, and computers.
Digital circuitry is used to create general purpose computing chips, such as microprocessors, and custom-designed logic circuits, known as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), chips with logic circuitry whose configuration can be modified after fabrication, are also widely used in prototyping and development.
[edit]
Digital circuits are fundamentally easier to design than analog circuits for the same level of complexity, because each logic gate regenerates the binary signal, so the designer need not account for distortion, gain control, offset voltages, and other concerns faced in an analog design. As a consequence, extremely complex digital circuits, with billions of logic elements integrated on a single silicon chip, can be fabricated at low cost. Such digital integrated circuits are ubiquitous in modern electronic devices, such as calculators, mobile phone handsets, and computers.
Digital circuitry is used to create general purpose computing chips, such as microprocessors, and custom-designed logic circuits, known as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), chips with logic circuitry whose configuration can be modified after fabrication, are also widely used in prototyping and development.
[edit]
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Frequency-hopping spread
spectrum (FHSS) is a method of transmitting radio signals by rapidly
switching a carrier among many frequency channels, using a pseudorandom
sequence known to both transmitter and receiver. It is utilized as a
multiple access method in the frequency-hopping code division multiple
access (FH-CDMA) scheme.
A spread-spectrum transmission offers three main advantages over a fixed-frequency transmission:
1. Spread-spectrum signals are highly resistant to narrowband interference. The process of re-collecting a spread signal spreads out the interfering signal, causing it to recede into the background.
2. Spread-spectrum signals are difficult to intercept. An FHSS signal simply appears as an increase in the background noise to a narrowband receiver. An eavesdropper would only be able to intercept the transmission if they knew the pseudorandom sequence.
3. Spread-spectrum transmissions can share a frequency band with many types of conventional transmissions with minimal interference. The spread-spectrum signals add minimal noise to the narrow-frequency communications, and vice versa. As a result, bandwidth can be utilized more efficiently.
A spread-spectrum transmission offers three main advantages over a fixed-frequency transmission:
1. Spread-spectrum signals are highly resistant to narrowband interference. The process of re-collecting a spread signal spreads out the interfering signal, causing it to recede into the background.
2. Spread-spectrum signals are difficult to intercept. An FHSS signal simply appears as an increase in the background noise to a narrowband receiver. An eavesdropper would only be able to intercept the transmission if they knew the pseudorandom sequence.
3. Spread-spectrum transmissions can share a frequency band with many types of conventional transmissions with minimal interference. The spread-spectrum signals add minimal noise to the narrow-frequency communications, and vice versa. As a result, bandwidth can be utilized more efficiently.
Cellular frequencies
All cellular phone networks worldwide use a portion of the radio
frequency spectrum designated as Ultra High Frequency, or "UHF", for the
transmission and reception of their signals. The UHF band is also
shared with Television, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth transmission. The cellular
frequencies are the sets of frequency ranges within the UHF band that
have been allocated for cellular phone use.
Due to historical reasons, radio frequencies used for cellular networks differ in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The first commercial standard for mobile connection in the United States was AMPS, which was in the 800 MHz frequency band. In Nordic countries of Europe, the first widespread automatic mobile network was based on the NMT-450 standard, which was in the 450 MHz band. As mobile phones became more popular and affordable, mobile providers encountered a problem because they couldn't provide service to the increasing number of customers. They had to develop their existing networks and eventually introduce new standards, often based on other frequencies. Some European countries (and Japan) adopted TACS operating in 900 MHz. The GSM standard, which appeared in Europe to replace NMT-450 and other standards, initially used the 900 MHz band too. As demand grew, carriers acquired licenses in the 1800 MHz band. (Generally speaking, lower frequencies allow carriers to provide less coverage for a larger area, while higher frequencies allow carriers to provide service to more customers in a smaller area.)
In the U.S., the analog AMPS standard that used the Cellular band (800 MHz) was replaced by a number of digital systems. Initially, systems based upon the AMPS mobile phone model were popular, including IS-95 (often known as "CDMA", the air interface technology it uses) and IS-136 (often known as D-AMPS, Digital AMPS, or "TDMA", the air interface technology it uses.) Eventually, IS-136 on these frequencies was replaced by most operators with GSM. GSM had already been running for some time on US PCS (1900 MHz) frequencies.
And, some NMT-450 analog networks have been replaced with digital networks using the same frequency. In Russia and some other countries, local carriers received licenses for 450 MHz frequency to provide CDMA mobile coverage.
Many GSM phones support three bands (900/1800/1900 MHz or 850/1800/1900 MHz) or four bands (850/900/1800/1900 MHz), and are usually referred to as tri band and quad band phones, or world phones; with such a phone one can travel internationally and use the same handset. This portability is not as extensive with IS-95 phones, however, as IS-95 networks do not exist in most of Europe.
Mobile networks based on different standards may use the same frequency range; for example, AMPS, D-AMPS, N-AMPS and IS-95 all use the 800 MHz frequency band. Moreover, one can find both AMPS and IS-95 networks in use on the same frequency in the same area that do not interfere with each other. This is achieved by the use of different channels to carry data. The actual frequency used by a particular phone can vary from place to place, depending on the settings of the carrier's base station.
Due to historical reasons, radio frequencies used for cellular networks differ in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. The first commercial standard for mobile connection in the United States was AMPS, which was in the 800 MHz frequency band. In Nordic countries of Europe, the first widespread automatic mobile network was based on the NMT-450 standard, which was in the 450 MHz band. As mobile phones became more popular and affordable, mobile providers encountered a problem because they couldn't provide service to the increasing number of customers. They had to develop their existing networks and eventually introduce new standards, often based on other frequencies. Some European countries (and Japan) adopted TACS operating in 900 MHz. The GSM standard, which appeared in Europe to replace NMT-450 and other standards, initially used the 900 MHz band too. As demand grew, carriers acquired licenses in the 1800 MHz band. (Generally speaking, lower frequencies allow carriers to provide less coverage for a larger area, while higher frequencies allow carriers to provide service to more customers in a smaller area.)
In the U.S., the analog AMPS standard that used the Cellular band (800 MHz) was replaced by a number of digital systems. Initially, systems based upon the AMPS mobile phone model were popular, including IS-95 (often known as "CDMA", the air interface technology it uses) and IS-136 (often known as D-AMPS, Digital AMPS, or "TDMA", the air interface technology it uses.) Eventually, IS-136 on these frequencies was replaced by most operators with GSM. GSM had already been running for some time on US PCS (1900 MHz) frequencies.
And, some NMT-450 analog networks have been replaced with digital networks using the same frequency. In Russia and some other countries, local carriers received licenses for 450 MHz frequency to provide CDMA mobile coverage.
Many GSM phones support three bands (900/1800/1900 MHz or 850/1800/1900 MHz) or four bands (850/900/1800/1900 MHz), and are usually referred to as tri band and quad band phones, or world phones; with such a phone one can travel internationally and use the same handset. This portability is not as extensive with IS-95 phones, however, as IS-95 networks do not exist in most of Europe.
Mobile networks based on different standards may use the same frequency range; for example, AMPS, D-AMPS, N-AMPS and IS-95 all use the 800 MHz frequency band. Moreover, one can find both AMPS and IS-95 networks in use on the same frequency in the same area that do not interfere with each other. This is achieved by the use of different channels to carry data. The actual frequency used by a particular phone can vary from place to place, depending on the settings of the carrier's base station.
Project Titles
1.Converting voice message to a text signal
Komal
2.MICROPROCESSOR BASED RAILWAY SYSTEM
Anonymous
3.Fingerprint based ignition and door lock
moses owino
4.Pc controlled vehicle
Anonymous
5.Automated Parking System
sagar
6.Voice recorder using ADC and microcontroller
mahitha
7.Embedded sensor networks
8.Biometric attendance
Ayo
9.Auto Calling Mobile
vimaltholath
10.Solar Speedway
Anonymous
11.Lecture threatre/hall monitor system
godwin i
12.Design for an automated door locks(smart key less entry)
uma nagendran
13.Railway station display
jeenus
14.Global Positioning of Robot Manipulators
rajasekar
15.On chip LDO with adaptive control
Anonymous
Komal
2.MICROPROCESSOR BASED RAILWAY SYSTEM
Anonymous
3.Fingerprint based ignition and door lock
moses owino
4.Pc controlled vehicle
Anonymous
5.Automated Parking System
sagar
6.Voice recorder using ADC and microcontroller
mahitha
7.Embedded sensor networks
8.Biometric attendance
Ayo
9.Auto Calling Mobile
vimaltholath
10.Solar Speedway
Anonymous
11.Lecture threatre/hall monitor system
godwin i
12.Design for an automated door locks(smart key less entry)
uma nagendran
13.Railway station display
jeenus
14.Global Positioning of Robot Manipulators
rajasekar
15.On chip LDO with adaptive control
Anonymous
Characteristics of Good Mentors and Mentees
Who is a Mentor?
A mentor is an individual, always more experienced, who helps and guides another individual’s development. This guidance is not done for personal gain.
Who are Mentees?
The mentee is someone is willing to listen to advice or suggestions of someone who is knowledgeable. Someone who will seek advice from their mentor if they are in need of help.
Characteristics of Good Mentors and Mentees:
Good Mentors
Listen and understand
Challenge and learning
Coach stimulative
Teach by example
Share experience
Offer encouragement
Good Mentees
Listen
Act on advice
Show commitment to learn
Check ego at the door
Ask for feedback
Are willing to change
Act proactive
Following these characteristics would lead to a successful mentoring.
A mentor is an individual, always more experienced, who helps and guides another individual’s development. This guidance is not done for personal gain.
Who are Mentees?
The mentee is someone is willing to listen to advice or suggestions of someone who is knowledgeable. Someone who will seek advice from their mentor if they are in need of help.
Characteristics of Good Mentors and Mentees:
Good Mentors
Listen and understand
Challenge and learning
Coach stimulative
Teach by example
Share experience
Offer encouragement
Good Mentees
Listen
Act on advice
Show commitment to learn
Check ego at the door
Ask for feedback
Are willing to change
Act proactive
Following these characteristics would lead to a successful mentoring.
Setting onclick() in DOM using Javascript.
Setting onclick() in DOM using Javascript.
Using javascript setAttribute(), eventlisteners like onmouseover,onclick in DOM won't work in IE.
hence instead of using,
yy.setAttribute("onclick","somefunction()");
use,
yy.onclick = function() {Javascript: somefunction();};
If you want to display the value of the attribute(ie.value maybe some event) and if you pass the attribute to a function where the event is displayed as,
yy.onclick = function() {Javascript: somefunction('tt');};
it will result as [objectHTML]
To get the value of an attribute using onclick() in DOM,
set the attribute as,
var x = tt.value;
Using javascript setAttribute(), eventlisteners like onmouseover,onclick in DOM won't work in IE.
hence instead of using,
yy.setAttribute("onclick","somefunction()");
use,
yy.onclick = function() {Javascript: somefunction();};
If you want to display the value of the attribute(ie.value maybe some event) and if you pass the attribute to a function where the event is displayed as,
yy.onclick = function() {Javascript: somefunction('tt');};
it will result as [objectHTML]
To get the value of an attribute using onclick() in DOM,
set the attribute as,
var x = tt.value;
event.initEvent
The initEvent method is used to initialize the value of an event created using document.createEvent.
Syntax
event.initEvent(type, bubbles, cancelable);
Example
Syntax
event.initEvent(type, bubbles, cancelable);
Example
// create a click event that bubbles up and
// cannot be canceled
event.initEvent("click", true, false);
// cannot be canceled
event.initEvent("click", true, false);
Router Configuration for DNS service
When we open the port in Router for DNS service,we should open port 53 to accept connection and enable support of both TCP and UDP
protocal for DNS service . When I enable only TCP protocal support for
DNS in Router,the DNS that runs in my server dosen't response for the
DNS query made by the client.Then I have enabled both UDP/TCP protocal
support for DNS in router,this makes DNS server to work properly.This is
because DNS service uses both UDP and TCP protocal . DNS uses UDP for reciving query from the client and TCP for transfering the zone information of the Domain .
UDP is used for transfering the packets which is less than 512 bytes (DNS query from client usally less than 512 bytes) and TCP is used for transferring the packets that are only greater than 512 bytes of size (zone information transfered from the server will be usally greater than 512 bytes) .This makes the DNS service to use both UDP and TCP,so make sure that your router supports both UDP and TCP for DNS service.
UDP is used for transfering the packets which is less than 512 bytes (DNS query from client usally less than 512 bytes) and TCP is used for transferring the packets that are only greater than 512 bytes of size (zone information transfered from the server will be usally greater than 512 bytes) .This makes the DNS service to use both UDP and TCP,so make sure that your router supports both UDP and TCP for DNS service.
What is SDL?
What is SDL
SDL - Storage Definition Language
This language is to specify the internal schema. This language may specify the mapping between two schemas.
SDL - Storage Definition Language
This language is to specify the internal schema. This language may specify the mapping between two schemas.
What is a data mart?
Data Mart
A data mart is a segment of a data warehouse that can provide data for reporting and analysis on a section, unit, department or operation in the company, e.g. sales, payroll, production. Data marts are sometimes complete individual data warehouses which are usually smaller than the corporatedata warehouse.
A data mart is a segment of a data warehouse that can provide data for reporting and analysis on a section, unit, department or operation in the company, e.g. sales, payroll, production. Data marts are sometimes complete individual data warehouses which are usually smaller than the corporatedata warehouse.
Removing directories
Removing directories
In concept removing directories is somewhat similar to removing files--you want the directory to not exist in your current working directories, but you also want to be able to retrieve old releases in which the directory existed.
The way that you remove a directory is to remove all the files in it. You don"t remove the directory itself; there is no way to do that. Instead you specify the "-P" option to cvs update, cvs checkout, or cvs export, which will cause CVS to remove empty directories from working directories. Probably the best way to do this is to always specify "-P"; if you want an empty directory then put a dummy file (for example ".keepme") in it to prevent "-P" from removing it.
Note that "-P" is implied by the "-r" or "-D" options of checkout and export. This way CVS will be able to correctly create the directory or not depending on whether the particular version you are checking out contains any files in that directory.
courtesy: a site
In concept removing directories is somewhat similar to removing files--you want the directory to not exist in your current working directories, but you also want to be able to retrieve old releases in which the directory existed.
The way that you remove a directory is to remove all the files in it. You don"t remove the directory itself; there is no way to do that. Instead you specify the "-P" option to cvs update, cvs checkout, or cvs export, which will cause CVS to remove empty directories from working directories. Probably the best way to do this is to always specify "-P"; if you want an empty directory then put a dummy file (for example ".keepme") in it to prevent "-P" from removing it.
Note that "-P" is implied by the "-r" or "-D" options of checkout and export. This way CVS will be able to correctly create the directory or not depending on whether the particular version you are checking out contains any files in that directory.
courtesy: a site
cvs importing new module(project)
Syntax:
cvs import -m "module description" modulename vendortag releasetag
Suppose one wants to import a folder called "project1". The following steps are to be followed.
1. login to cvs
2. get into project1 directory like cd c:/project1, cd /home/hi/project1
3. cvs import -m "This is project 1" project1 ven0 rel0
Now the module will be imported.
One can test the imported module using cvs ls command.
cvs import -m "module description" modulename vendortag releasetag
Suppose one wants to import a folder called "project1". The following steps are to be followed.
1. login to cvs
2. get into project1 directory like cd c:/project1, cd /home/hi/project1
3. cvs import -m "This is project 1" project1 ven0 rel0
Now the module will be imported.
One can test the imported module using cvs ls command.
роТро░ு ро╡ிро░ро▓ுроЯрой் ро╡ாро┤ுроо் рооிроХроЪ் роЪிро▒ிроп роЯைройோроЪро░் роХрог்роЯுрокிроЯிрок்рокு
роЪீройாро╡ை
роЪேро░்рои்род ро╡ிро▓роЩ்роХிропро▓் роЖро░ாроп்роЪ்роЪிропாро│ро░்роХро│், рооைроХ்роХேро▓் рокிроЯ்роорой் родро▓ைрооைропிро▓்
рооேро▒்роХொрог்роЯ роЖро░ாроп்роЪ்роЪிропிро▓் роЪிро▒ிроп роТро░ு ро╡ிро░ро▓் роЯைройோроЪро░ை роЕроЯைропாро│роо் роХрог்роЯுро│்ро│ройро░்.рооிроХро╡ுроо் роЕро░ிроп ро╡роХைропாрой роЗрои்род рокுродிроп роЙропிро░ிройроо் роЙро▓роХிро▓ேропே рооிроХ роХொроЯிроп, роТро░ு ро╡ிро░ро▓் роХொрог்роЯ роТро░ே роЙропிро░ிройрооாрой роЯி ро░ெроХ்ро╕் роЯைройோроЪро░் роЗройрод்родை роЪாро░்рои்родродாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХро▓ாроо் роОрой்рокродு роЖро░ாроп்роЪ்роЪிропாро│ро░்роХро│ிрой் роХрогிрок்рокு.
роЗродு роХுро▒ிрод்родு роЖро░ாроп்роЪ்роЪிропாро│ро░்роХро│் ро╡ெро│ிропிроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│ родроХро╡ро▓ாройродு: рокுродிроп роЯைройோроЪро░ுроХ்роХு роТро░ு ро╡ிро░ро▓் роороЯ்роЯுрооே роЙро│்ро│родு. роЗродு родெро░ோрокாроЯ் роЗройрод்родை роЪேро░்рои்род ро▓ிрой்ро╣ெройிроХро╕் рооோройோроЯாроХிро▓ро╕் ро╡роХை роЙропிро░ிройроо். роТро░ு рооீроЯ்роЯро░் роЙропро░род்родுроЯрой் роХாрогрок்рокроЯுроо்.
роЗродு роЕродிроХ рокроЯ்роЪрооாроХ рокроЪ்роЪைроХ்роХிро│ிропிрой் роОроЯைропро│ро╡ு роЙро│்ро│родு. рокுро▓ாро▓் роЙрог்рогுроо் ро╡роХைропை роЪேро░்рои்род рокрог்роЯைроп родெро░ோрокாроЯ்роХро│ிрой் рокро░ிрогாроо ро╡ро│ро░்роЪ்роЪிродாрой் родро▒்рокோродு рокро▒ро╡ைропாроХ роЙро│்ро│родு. роЗро╡ро▒்ро▒ிрой் роТро╡்ро╡ொро░ு роХைроХро│ிро▓ுроо் родро▓ா 3 ро╡ிро░ро▓்роХро│் роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо்.
родро▒்рокோродு роХрог்роЯро▒ிропрок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│ роЙропிро░ிройрод்родுроХ்роХு роТро░ே роТро░ு ро╡ிро░ро▓் роороЯ்роЯுроо் рокெро░ிроп роЕро│ро╡ிро▓் роЙро│்ро│родு. роЕродிро▓ுро│்ро│ роироХрод்родாро▓் рокூроЪ்роЪிроХро│ிрой் роХூроЯுроХро│ை роХிро│ро▒ி роЪிро▒ிроп рокுро┤ுроХ்роХро│ை роЙрогро╡ாроХроХ் роЙроЯ்роХொро│்ро│ுроо். рооிроХроХ் роХுро▒ைрои்род роЙропро░род்родுроХ்роХு рокро▒роХ்роХுроо் родрой்рооை роЗродро▒்роХு роЗро░ுрои்родிро░ுроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо்.
рокро▒роХ்роХ роЗропро▓ாрод рокрог்роЯைроп родெро░ோрокாроЯ்роХро│் 5 ро╡ிро░ро▓்роХро│ை роЙроЯைропро╡ை. роХாро▓ рооாро▒்ро▒род்родிро▓் роЗродிро▓ுроо் рооாро▒்ро▒роо் роПро▒்рокроЯ்роЯு родро▒்рокோродு роЗрои்род ро╡роХைроХро│ுроХ்роХு 3 ро╡ிро░ро▓்роХро│் роЙро│்ро│рой. роЗрод்родроХைроп роЙропிро░ிройроЩ்роХро│் рокெро░ுроо்рокாро▓ுроо் роЕро┤ிрои்родு ро╡ிроЯ்роЯродாроХро╡ே роХро░ுродрок்рокроЯ்роЯு ро╡ро░ுроо் роиிро▓ைропிро▓், рокுродிроп роЯைройோроЪро░் роЕроЯைропாро│роо் роХாрогрок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│родு роХுро▒ிрок்рокிроЯрод்родроХ்роХродு. роЗродு роХுро▒ிрод்род родொроЯро░் роЖро░ாроп்роЪ்роЪிропிро▓் рооேро▓ுроо் рокро▓ роЕро░ிроп родроХро╡ро▓்роХро│் родெро░ிропро╡ро░ுроо்.
роХாро▓்роХро│ுроЯрой் ро╡ாро┤்рои்род рокாроо்рокுроХро│் роХрог்роЯுрокிроЯிрок்рокு
роХாро▓்роХро│ுроЯрой் ро╡ாро┤்рои்род рокாроо்рокிрой் роОро▓ுроо்рокுроХ்роХூроЯு роТрой்ро▒ு ро▓ெрокройாройிро▓் роХрог்роЯுрокிроЯிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│родு.рокாроо்рокுроХро│் роОрой்рокрой роКро░்ро╡рой роЗройрод்родை роЪேро░்рои்родро╡ை. роЕро╡ைроХро│ுроХ்роХு роХாро▓்роХро│் роХிроЯைропாродு. роЗродро▒்роХு рооுрой்рокு роХாро▓்роХро│ுроЯрой் рокாроо்рокுроХро│் роЗро░ுрои்родродро▒்роХாрой роЖродாро░роЩ்роХро│் родро▒்рокோродு роХிроЯைрод்родுро│்ро│родு. рокро┤роЩ்роХாро▓род்родிро▓் ро╡ாро┤்рои்род роЕро░ிроп роЙропிро░ிройроЩ்роХро│் роХுро▒ிрод்родு роЖроп்ро╡ு роЪெроп்ропுроо் роиிрокுрогро░்роХро│் ро▓ெрокройாройிро▓் роТро░ு рокாроо்рокிрой் роОро▓ுроо்рокு роХூроЯ்роЯை роХрог்роЯெроЯுрод்родройро░். роЪுрооாро░் 19 роЗроЮ்роЪ் роиீро│роо் роЙро│்ро│ роЕрои்род рокாроо்рокிрой் роОро▓ுроо்рокு роХூроЯ்роЯிро▓் роХாро▓்роХро│் роЗро░ுрои்родродро▒்роХாрой роЕроЯைропாро│роЩ்роХро│் роЙро│்ро│рой.
роЗро╡ை роЪுрооாро░் 9 1/2 роХோроЯி роЖрог்роЯுроХро│ுроХ்роХு рооுрой்рокு ро╡ாро┤்рои்родродாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХро▓ாроо் роОрой роХро░ுродрок்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு. ро▓ெрокройாройிро▓் роХрог்роЯெроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ рокாроо்рокிрой் роОро▓ுроо்рокு роХூроЯ்роЯிро▓் роЪுрооாро░் 1 роЗроЮ்роЪ் роЕро│ро╡ுроХ்роХு роХாро▓் роОро▓ுроо்рокுроХро│் роЗро░ுрои்родрой. роЕродே роиேро░род்родிро▓் рокாроо்рокிрой் ро╡ропிро▒்ро▒ுрок் рокроХுродிропிро▓் роХாро▓்роХро│் ро╡ро│ро░்рои்родு ро╡рои்родродро▒்роХாрой роЕро▒ிроХுро▒ிроХро│ுроо் роЗро░ுрои்родрой.
роЕрои்род роОро▓ுроо்рокுроХро│் 1/2 роЗроЮ்роЪ் роЕро│ро╡ிро▓் ро╡ро│ро░்рои்родிро░ுрои்родрой. роЗрои்род ро╡роХை рокாроо்рокுроХро│் роХாро▓்роХро│் рооூро▓роо் роироЯрои்родு родிро░ிрои்родродாро▓் роиிро▓род்родிро▓ுроо், роиீро░ிро▓ுроо், рокொрои்родுроХро│ிро▓ுроо் ро╡ாро┤்рои்родு роЗро░ுроХ்роХро▓ாроо் роОрой ро╡ிроЮ்роЮாройிроХро│் родெро░ிро╡ிроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░்.
рокро▓ роХோроЯி роЖрог்роЯுроХро│ுроХ்роХு рооுрой்рокு ро╡ாро┤்рои்род роЗрои்род ро╡роХை рокாроо்рокுроХро│ிрой் роХாро▓்роХро│் роХாро▓рок்рокோроХ்роХிро▓் рокроЯிрок்рокроЯிропாроХ рооро▒ைрои்родு роЕро╡ை роКро░்ро╡рой роЗройрод்родை роЪேро░்рои்родро╡ைропாроХ рооாро▒ிропிро░ுроХ்роХро▓ாроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо் роиிрокுрогро░்роХро│் родெро░ிро╡ிроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░்.
рооுродрой் рооுро▒ைропாроХ рокுродройுроХ்роХு ро╡ிрог்роХро▓роо்
роХроЯрои்род
2004 роо் роЖрог்роЯு роЕрооெро░ிроХ்роХாро╡ிрой் роиாроЪா ро╡ிрог்ро╡ெро│ி роЖро░ாроп்роЪ்роЪி рооைропроо் роЕройுрок்рокிроп
"рооெроЪроЮ்роЪро░்" роОрой்ро▒ ро╡ிрог்роХро▓роо் 6 роЖрог்роЯு рокропрогрод்родுроХ்роХு рокிро▒роХு, рокுродрой் роХிро░роХрод்родிро▓்
роЕроЯுрод்род рооாродроо் родро░ைропிро▒роЩ்роХ роЙро│்ро│родு.роЪூро░ிропройுроХ்роХு рооிроХ роЕро░ுроХிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ роХிро░роХроо் рокுродрой். роЗродு рокро▒்ро▒ி роЕрооெро░ிроХ்роХ ро╡ிрог்ро╡ெро│ி роЖро░ாроп்роЪ்роЪி роиிро▒ுро╡ройрооாрой роиாроЪா родொроЯро░்рои்родு роЖро░ாроп்роЪ்роЪிроХро│ை рооேро▒்роХொрог்роЯு ро╡ро░ுроХிро▒родு. рокுродрой் роХோро│் рокро▒்ро▒ிроп роЖро░ாроп்роЪ்роЪிроХ்роХாроХ "рооெро░ைройро░்10" роОрой்ро▒ ро╡ிрог்роХро▓род்родை роиாроЪா роХроЯрои்род 1973 роо் роЖрог்роЯு роЕройுрок்рокிропродு.
роЕродрой் рокிро▒роХு, рокро▓ роЖрог்роЯு роЗроЯைро╡ெро│ிроХ்роХு рокிрой் роХроЯрои்род 2004 роо் роЖрог்роЯு роЖроХро╕்роЯ் 3 роо் родேродி "рооெроЪроЮ்роЪро░்" роОрой்ро▒ ро╡ிрог்роХро▓род்родை роЕройுрок்рокிропродு. роЕрооெро░ிроХ்роХாро╡ிрой் рокுро│ோро░ிроЯா рооாроиிро▓роо் роХேрок் роХேройро╡ро░ாро▓ிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ роХெрой்ройроЯி роПро╡ுродро│род்родிро▓் роЗро░ுрои்родு рооெроЪроЮ்роЪро░் ро╡ிрог்роХро▓род்родை роЪுроорои்родுроХொрог்роЯு роЯெро▓்роЯா 2 ро░ாроХ்роХெроЯ் роПро╡рок்рокроЯ்роЯродு.
рокூрооிропிро▓் роЗро░ுрои்родு рокுро▒рок்рокроЯ்роЯு ро╡ெро│்ро│ி роХிро░роХрод்родை родாрог்роЯி родро▒்рокோродு рокுродройை роиெро░ுроЩ்роХிроХ் роХொрог்роЯிро░ுроХ்роХிро▒родு. ро╡ிройாроЯிроХ்роХு 640 роХி.рооீ. роОрой்ро▒ ро╡ேроХрод்родிро▓் рокாропுроо் роЗрои்род ро░ாроХ்роХெроЯ் 6 роЖрог்роЯு 7 рооாродрод்родிро▓் роЪுрооாро░் 790 роХோроЯி роХி.рооீ. родூро░ рокропрогрод்родுроХ்роХு рокிро▒роХு, родро▒்рокோродு рокுродрой் роХிро░роХрод்родை роиெро░ுроЩ்роХிропிро░ுроХ்роХிро▒родு.
роЪூро░ிропройுроХ்роХு ро░ொроо்рок роиெро░ுроХ்роХрооாрой роХிро░роХроо் роОрой்рокродாро▓் ро╡ெропிро▓் роЕродிроХроо். рокூрооிропிро▓் роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо் роЪூро░ிроп ро╡ெрок்рокрод்родைро╡ிроЯ 11 роороЯроЩ்роХு роЕродிроХроо் роЗро░ுрок்рокродு родெро░ிропро╡рои்родுро│்ро│родு. роЕродிроХ ро╡ெрок்рокрод்родைропுроо் родாроЩ்роХுроо் ро╡ிродрод்родிро▓் ро╡ெро│ிрок்рокுро▒ рокроХுродிроХро│் рооிроХро╡ுроо் рокாродுроХாрок்рокாроХ роЙро░ுро╡ாроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯிро░ுрок்рокродாроХ рооெроЪроЮ்роЪро░் родிроЯ்роЯ ро╡ிроЮ்роЮாройி ро▓ூропிро╕் рокிро░ாроХ்роЯро░் родெро░ிро╡ிрод்родாро░்.
рокுродройிрой் роорог்родрой்рооை, ро╡ெрок்рокроо், роЪுро▒்ро▒ுрок்рокроХுродி, ро╡ாройிро▓ை роЙро│்рокроЯ роЪроХро▓ роЕроо்роЪроЩ்роХро│ைропுроо் роЖро░ாроп்ро╡родро▒்роХு роПро▒்рок роЕродிроиро╡ீрой роЪெрой்роЪாро░்роХро│், родொро▓ைродொроЯро░்рокு роЪாродройроЩ்роХро│், ро╡ெрок்рокрод்родிро▓் роЗро░ுрои்родு рооிрой்роЪாро░роо் родропாро░ிроХ்роХுроо் роХро░ுро╡ிроХро│், роиро╡ீрой роХроо்рок்ропூроЯ்роЯро░்роХро│், роХேрооро░ாроХ்роХро│் роЖроХிропро╡ை рооெроЪроЮ்роЪро░் ро╡ிрог்роХро▓род்родிро▓் роЙро│்ро│рой.
6 роЖрог்роЯு рокропрогрод்родை ро╡ெро▒்ро▒ிроХро░рооாроХ роиிро▒ைро╡ு роЪெроп்ропுроо் ро╡роХைропிро▓் рокுродройிрой் ро╡роЯ்роЯрок்рокாродைроХ்роХுро│் рооெроЪроЮ்роЪро░் роЕроЯுрод்род рооாродроо் 17 роо் родிроХродி роиுро┤ைроп роЙро│்ро│родு. роЗродை роЖро╡ро▓ுроЯрой் роОродிро░்рокாро░்род்родு роХாрод்родிро░ுроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░் роиாроЪா ро╡ிроЮ்роЮாройிроХро│்.
роЙроЩ்роХро│் роЯெро╕்роХ்роЯாрок் ро╡ாро▓்рокேрок்рокро░ே роЙроЩ்роХро│ை рокро▒்ро▒ி роЪொро▓்ро▓ுроо்: рокுродிроп ро╡ாро▓்рокேрок்рокро░் роЪேро╡ை
роЙроЩ்роХро│் роЯெро╕்роХ்роЯாрок் ро╡ாро▓்рокேрок்рокро░ே роЙроЩ்роХро│ைрок்рокро▒்ро▒ி рооро▒்ро▒ро╡ро░்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роЪொро▓்ро▓ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ு ро╡ிро░ுроо்рокிройீро░்роХро│் роОрой்ро▒ாро▓் ро╡ாро▓்роХாро╕்роЯ்(WallCast) роЪேро╡ைропைрок் рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родро▓ாроо்.ро╡ாро▓்роХாро╕்роЯ்(WallCast) роОрой்рокродு рооிроХро╡ுроо் роОро│ிродாрой рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் рокுродுрооைропாрой роЪேро╡ை. роиாроо் роЕройைро╡ро░ுроо் ро╡ிро░ுроо்рокுроо் роТрой்ро▒ு роироородு роХроо்рок்ропூроЯ்роЯро░் родிро░ை ро╡ெро▒ுрооைропாроХ роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооாро▓் роХрог்рогுроХ்роХு роЗройிроп ро╡роХைропிро▓் роЗро░ுроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்рокродே. роЗродро▒்роХாроХ рокро▓ роЕро┤роХிроп роХாроЯ்роЪிроХро│ை роХроо்рок்ропூроЯ்роЯро░் родிро░ைропிро▓் родோрой்ро▒ுроо் ро╡роХைропிро▓் ро╡ாро▓்рокேрок்рокро░ாроХ рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родுроХிро▒ோроо் роЕро▓்ро▓родு роироо்рооிроЯроо் роЙро│்ро│ рокுроХைрок்рокроЯрод்родை роЕрооைрод்родு роХொро│்роХிро▒ோроо்.
ро╡ாро▓்роХாро╕்роЯ் ро╡ро┤роЩ்роХுроо் роЪேро╡ை роОрой்ройро╡ெрой்ро▒ாро▓், роЗродிро▓் роЙро▒ுрок்рокிройро░ாроХி роЙроЩ்роХро│ிроЯроо் роЙро│்ро│ рокுроХைрок்рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ை роЪроо்ро░்рок்рокிрод்родீро░்роХро│் роОрой்ро▒ாро▓் ро╡ாро▓்роХாро╕்роЯ் роЕро╡ро▒்ро▒ை роЕро┤роХாрой ро╡ாро▓்рокேрок்рокро░ாроХ рооாро▒்ро▒ி родро░ுроХிро▒родு. роЕродрой் рокிро▒роХு роЙроЩ்роХро│் роХроо்рок்ропூроЯ்роЯ்ро░ை рокாро░்род்родாро▓் ро╡ро░ிроЪைропாроХ рокுроХைрок்рокроЯроЩ்роХро│் роУроЯிроХ்роХொрог்роЯிро░ுроХ்роХுроо்.
роЗродрой் рооுроХ்роХிроп роЕроо்роЪроо் роОрой்ройро╡ெрой்ро▒ாро▓், роЗродிро▓் рокுродிроп рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ை рокродிро╡ேро▒்ро▒ுроо் рокோродு роЙроЯройே роЕро╡ро▒்ро▒ை ро╡ாро▓்рокேрок்рокро░ாроХ рооாро▒்ро▒ி ро╡ிроЯுроХிро▒родு. роОройро╡ே роХроо்рок்ропூроЯ்роЯро░ிрой் родிро░ை роОрок்рокோродுрооே рокுродிрок்рокிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо்.
рокுроХைрок்рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ை рокெро░ிродாроХ்роХுро╡родோ, роЯெро▓ிроЯ் роЪெроп்ро╡родோ роЪுро▓рокроо். роЕродே рокோро▓் роЙроЩ்роХро│் роирог்рокро░்роХро│் роЕройுрок்рокி ро╡ைроХ்роХுроо் рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ைропுроо் роЗроЯроо் рокெро▒ ро╡ைроХ்роХро▓ாроо். роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХாрой рокроХ்роХроо் рооை ро╡ாро▓்рокேрок்рокро░ாроХ роЙро░ுро╡ாроХ்роХி родро░рок்рокроЯுроо். роЕродрой் рооூро▓роо் роЙроЩ்роХро│் рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ை ро╡ிро░ுрок்рокроо் рокோро▓ роиிро░்ро╡роХிрод்родு роХொро│்ро│ро▓ாроо்.
рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ை рооுро┤ுро╡родுрооாроХ рокроХிро░்рои்родு роХொро│்ро│ро▓ாроо். роирог்рокро░்роХро│் рокாро░்ро╡ைроХ்роХு роОрой்ро▒ு роЪுро░ுроХ்роХிропுроо் роХொро│்ро│ро▓ாроо். роРрокோрой் рокோрой்ро▒ро╡ро▒்ро▒ிро▓் роЗро░ுрои்родு рокроЯроо் роОроЯுрод்род роХைропோроЯு рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ை рокродிро╡ேро▒்ро▒ுроо் ро╡роЪродிропுроо் роЙрог்роЯு. роОрооெропிро▓் рооூро▓рооுроо் рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ை роЗрогைроХ்роХро▓ாроо்.
рокேро╕்рокுроХ்роХிро▓் рокுроХைрок்рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ை роирог்рокро░்роХро│் рокாро░்роХ்роХ рокроХிро░்рои்родு роХொро│்ро╡родு рокோро▓ роЯெро╕்роХ்роЯாрок் рооூро▓рооே рокроЯроЩ்роХро│ை рокроХிро░்рои்родு роХொро│்ро│ ро╡ாро▓்роХாро╕்роЯ் ро╡ро┤ி роЪெроп்роХிро▒родு.
роЙроЩ்роХро│் ро╡ாро▓்рокேрок்рокро░ுроХ்роХு роЙропிро░் роХொроЯுроЩ்роХро│் роОрой்ро▒ு роЕро┤ைроХ்роХுроо் роЗрои்род родро│роо் роЕродройை роЕро┤роХாроХ роЪெроп்родு роХாроЯ்роЯுроХிро▒родு.
роЗрогைропродро│ рооுроХро╡ро░ி
роОрод்родройை роиாро│ைроХ்роХு ро╡ро░ுроо் рокிро│ாро╖் роЯ்ро░ைро╡்?
роЙроЩ்роХро│ிрой்
рокிро│ாро╖் роЯ்ро░ைро╡் роОрод்родройை роиாро│ைроХ்роХு роХெроЯ்роЯுрок் рокோроХாрооро▓் роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо் роОрой்ро▒ு
родெро░ிропுрооா? роПройெрой்ро▒ாро▓் рокிро│ாро╖் роЯ்ро░ைро╡் роХுро▒ிрод்род роЗрои்род роХேро│்ро╡ிроХ்роХு роОрои்род
роиிро▒ுро╡ройрооுроо் роЗродுро╡ро░ை рокродிро▓் роХொроЯுрод்родродு роЗро▓்ро▓ை.роЗродு роХுро▒ிрод்род роЪிро▓ роЕроЯிрок்рокроЯைрод் родроХро╡ро▓்роХро│ை рокாро░்роХ்роХро▓ாроо். рокிро│ாрок்рокிропிро▓் рооேро▒்роХொро│்ро╡родு рокோро▓ рокிро│ாро╖் роЯ்ро░ைро╡ிро▓ுроо் родொроЯро░்рои்родு рокைро▓்роХро│ை роОро┤ுродро▓ாроо், роЕро┤ிроХ்роХро▓ாроо் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роЕродрой் рооேро▓ேропே роОро┤ுродро▓ாроо். роЕрои்род роЕро│ро╡ிро▒்роХு роЗро╡ை рооிроХро╡ுроо் роЙро▒ுродிропாроХ ро╡роЯிро╡рооைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│рой.
роЕрок்рокроЯிропாройாро▓் роОрод்родройை рооுро▒ை роЗродு рокோро▓ роиாроо் роЕро┤ிрод்родு роЕро┤ிрод்родு роОро┤ுрод рооுроЯிропுроо்? роТро░ு родроЯро╡ை роЕро┤ிрод்родு роОро┤ுродுро╡родை роТро░ு роЪைроХ்роХிро│் (роЪுро▒்ро▒ு) роОрой роЕро┤ைроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░். роЕрок்рокроЯிроХ் роХрогроХ்роХு рокாро░்род்родாро▓் рокро▓ роиூро▒ு роЖропிро░роо் рооுро▒ை роЗрои்род роЪுро▒்ро▒ிройை рооேро▒்роХொро│்ро│ро▓ாроо்.
роЖройாро▓் роиாро│் роЖроХ роЖроХ роЗрои்род роЪுро▒்ро▒ு рооிроХ рооெродுро╡ாроХ рооேро▒்роХொро│்ро│рок்рокроЯுроо். роЗродிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு рокிро│ாро╖் роЯ்ро░ைро╡ிро▒்роХு ро╡ропродாроХிро╡ிроЯ்роЯродு роОрой்ро▒ு роиீроЩ்роХро│் рооுроЯிро╡ு роЪெроп்родு роХொро│்ро│ро▓ாроо். роОрои்роиேро░рооுроо் роЕродு родрой் роЪெропро▓்рокாроЯ்роЯை роиிро▒ுрод்родிро╡ிроЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо் рооுроЯிро╡ெроЯுроХ்роХро▓ாроо்.
роЖройாро▓் роЕродு роОрок்рокோродு роОрой்рокродு роЙроЩ்роХро│ிрой் роЪெропро▓்рооுро▒ைропைрок் рокொро▒ுрод்родுроо் роЙро│்ро│родு. роОрод்родройை рооுро▒ை роЕроЯிроХ்роХроЯி рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родுроХிро▒ீро░்роХро│், роОро╡்ро╡ро│ро╡ு роЕро│ро╡ிро▓ாрой рокைро▓்роХро│ை роОро┤ுродுроХிро▒ீро░்роХро│், рооро▒்ро▒ ро╡ிро╖ропроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роЗрои்род роЯ்ро░ைро╡ைрок் рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родுро╡родு рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роЙроЩ்роХро│் роХроо்рок்ропூроЯ்роЯро░ிрой் роЪிрокிропு ро╡ேроХроо் роОрой்ро▒ ро╡ிро╖ропроЩ்роХро│ைрок் рокொро▒ுрод்родு роЙроЩ்роХро│் рокிро│ாро╖் роЯ்ро░ைро╡் родрой் роЪெропро▓்рокாроЯ்роЯை роЗро┤рои்родு роТро░ு роХроЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓் рооுроЯிрод்родுроХ் роХொро│்ро│ுроо்.
рокொродுро╡ாроХ роиீроЩ்роХро│் роЪெро▓ுрод்родிроп рокрогрод்родிро▒்роХேро▒்рок рокிро│ாро╖் роЯ்ро░ைро╡்роХро│் рокро▓ роХாро▓роо் роЙро┤ைроХ்роХுроо். роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХே роЕро▓ுрод்родுрок் рокோроХுроо் рокோродுродாрой் роЕро▓்ро▓родு ро╡ேро▒ு роЯ்ро░ைро╡்роХро│ிрой் рокாро▓் рооройродு роЪெро▓்ро▓ுроо் рокோродுродாрой் роЗродрой் рокропрой்родрой்рооை роиிро▒்роХுроо்.
90 роХோроЯி роХрогройிроХро│ுроХ்роХு роЖрокрод்родு: рооைроХ்ро░ோроЪாрок்роЯ் роОроЪ்роЪро░ிроХ்роХை
роЗрой்роЯро░்роиெроЯ்
роОроХ்ро╕்рок்ро│ோро░ро░் роОройுроо் роЙро▓ாро╡ிропை рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родுроо் 90 роХோроЯி роХрогрогிроХро│ுроХ்роХு роЖрокрод்родு
роПро▒்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│родாроХ рооைроХ்ро░ோроЪாрок்роЯ் роиிро▒ுро╡ройроо் родெро░ிро╡ிрод்родுро│்ро│родு.роЗрой்роЯро░்роиெроЯ் роОроХ்ро╕்рок்ро│ோро░ро░் роЙро▓ாро╡ிропை рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родுро╡ோро░ிрой் роХрогрогிропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு роЕро╡ро░்роХро│родு ро░роХроЪிроп ро╡ிро╡ро░роЩ்роХро│ுроо், роЪுроп ро╡ிро╡ро░роЩ்роХро│ுроо் родிро░ுроЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│родாроХ роЯெроп்ро▓ி рооெропிро▓் рокрод்родிро░ிроХ்роХை роЪெроп்родி ро╡ெро│ிропிроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│родு.
рокுродிродாроХ рокро░ро╡ி ро╡ро░ுроо் ро╡ைро░ро╕ாро▓் ро╡ிрой்роЯோро╕் XP(SP3), ро╡ிрой்роЯோро╕் ро╡ிро╕்роЯா, ро╡ிрой்роЯோро╕் 7, ро╡ிрой்роЯோро╕் роЪро░்ро╡ро░் 2003 рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் ро╡ிрой்роЯோро╕் роЪро░்ро╡ро░் 2008(R2) роЖроХிроп ро╡ிрой்роЯோро╕் роЗропроЩ்роХுродро│роЩ்роХро│் рокாродிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯு ро╡ро░ுро╡родாроХро╡ுроо் роЕро▒ிро╡ிрод்родுро│்ро│родு.
роЗро░ுрои்род рокோродிро▓ுроо் роиெро░ுрок்рокு роиро░ி(рокропро░்рокாроХ்ро╕்), роХூроХுро│் роХ்ро░ோроо் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роЪрокாро░ி рокோрой்ро▒ роЙро▓ாро╡ிроХро│ை рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родி ро╡ро░ுроо் рокропройாро│ிроХро│ுроХ்роХு роОро╡்ро╡ிрод рокாродிрок்рокுроо் роПро▒்рокроЯாродு роОрой்ро▒ுроо் роЕрои்род рокрод்родிро░ிроХ்роХை роЪெроп்родிропிро▓் роХூро▒рок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│родு.
ро╡ிрой்роЯோро╕் роЗропроЩ்роХுродро│род்родிро▒்роХு роЙро│்ро│ேропே роороЯ்роЯுроо் роЗрои்род ро╡ைро░ро╕் рокро░ро╡ுро╡родாроХро╡ுроо், роЗродройைрод் родроЯுроХ்роХ роОроЯுрод்родு ро╡ро░ுроо் рооுропро▒்роЪிроХро│் роЗродுро╡ро░ை рокро▓ройро│ிроХ்роХро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை роОрой்ро▒ுроо் рооைроХ்ро░ோроЪாрок்роЯ் роиிро▒ுро╡ройроо் роХூро▒ிропுро│்ро│рооை роХுро▒ிрок்рокிроЯрод்родроХ்роХродு.
рокூрооிропைрод் родாроХ்роХ роХாрод்родிро░ுроХ்роХுроо் роЪிро▒ிроп роХோро│்
"роЕрок்рокோроГрокிро╕்" роОрой்ро▒ роЪிро▒ிроп роХோро│ாройродு рокூрооிропைрод் родாроХ்роХ роЗро░ுрок்рокродாроХ ро░ро╕்роп ро╡ிроЮ்роЮாройிроХро│் роОроЪ்роЪро░ிрод்родுро│்ро│ройро░்.роЗроХ் роХோро│ாройродு роОродிро░்ро╡ро░ுроо் 2036 роЖроо் роЖрог்роЯு роПрок்ро░ро▓் рооாродроо் 13 роЖроо் родிроХродி рокூрооிропுроЯрой் рооோродро▓ாроо் роОрой ро╡ிроЮ்роЮாройிроХро│் родெро░ிро╡ிрод்родройро░். роЪெрой் рокீроЯ்роЯро░்ро╕் рокேро░்роХ் рокро▓்роХро▓ைроХ்роХро┤роХрод்родைроЪ் роЪேро░்рои்род ро╡ிроЮ்роЮாройிроХро│ே роЗродройை роХрог்роЯро▒ிрои்родுро│்ро│ройро░்.
роЗроХ் роХோро│ாройродு 2029 роЖроо் роЖрог்роЯு роПрок்ро░ро▓் 13 роЖроо் родிроХродி роЪுрооாро░் 37,000 рооுродро▓் 38,000 роХிро▓ோ рооீро▒்ро▒ро░் родொро▓ைро╡ிро▓் рокூрооிропை роиெро░ுроЩ்роХுроо் роОройро╡ுроо், 2036 роЖроо் роЖрог்роЯு роПрок்ро░ро▓் 13 роЖроо் родிроХродி рокூрооிропை рооோродுроо் роОройро╡ுроо் рокேро░ாроЪிро░ிропро░் ро▓ிропொройிроЯ் роЪொро▓ோроХொро╡் родெро░ிро╡ிрод்родாро░்.
роЪிро▓ро╡ேро│ை роород்родிроп роХிро┤роХ்роХு,родெрой் роЕрооெро░ிроХ்роХா роЕро▓்ро▓родு роЖрок்рокிро░ிроХ்роХாро╡ிрой் рооேро▒்роХு роХро░ைропோро░рок்рокроХுродிропிро▓் рооோродро▓ாроо் роОройро╡ுроо் родெро░ிро╡ிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯுроХிрой்ро▒родு. роЗродு рокூрооிропோроЯு рооோродிройாро▓் роЗродрой் роЪроХ்родி ро╡ெро│ிрок்рокாроЯு роЪுрооாро░் 100 роЕрогுроХுрог்роЯுроХро│ுроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪроороо் роОройро╡ுроо் роиாроЪா родெро░ிро╡ிрод்родுро│்ро│родு.
роОройிройுроо் роЗродு 2036 роЖроо் роЖрог்роЯு рооோродுро╡родро▒்роХாрой ро╡ாроп்рок்рокு 45,000 роЗро▒்роХு 1 роОрой்ро▒ роиிроХро┤்родроХро╡ு роОройрод் родெро░ிро╡ிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯுроХிрой்ро▒родு. роЖройாро▓ுроо் роиாроо் роОродро▒்роХுроо் родропாро░ாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой ро╡ிроЮ்роЮாройிроХро│் родெро░ிро╡ிроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░்.
рооேро▓ுроо் роЕроХ் роХோро│் рокூрооிропுроЯрой் рооோродுро╡родройை родро╡ிро░்рок்рокродро▒்роХாрой рооுропро▒்роЪிроХро│ிро▓ுроо் роЕро╡ро░்роХро│் роИроЯுрокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│ройро░்.
роЪீрой рокெро░ுроЮ்роЪுро╡ро░் рооро░род்родாро▓் роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு: роЖро░ாроп்роЪிрод் родроХро╡ро▓்
роЙро▓роХ
роЕродிроЪропроЩ்роХро│ிрой் рокроЯ்роЯிропро▓்роХро│் рокுродிродு, рокுродிродாроХ роЕро╡்ро╡рок்рокோродு ро╡рои்родு роХொрог்роЯுродாрой்
роЙро│்ро│рой. роЖройாро▓ுроо் роОрой்ро▒ெрой்ро▒ுроо் роЙро▓роХ роЕродிроЪропрооாроХ роХро░ுродрок்рокроЯுро╡родு роЪீрой рокெро░ுроЮ்роЪுро╡ро░்.роиிро▓ро╡ிро▓் роЗро░ுрои்родு рокாро░்род்родாро▓் родெро░ிропுроо் роТро░ே рооройிрод рокроЯைрок்рокு роОрой்ро▒ рокெро░ுрооைропுроо் роЗродро▒்роХு роЙрог்роЯு. роиாроЯ்роЯிрой் рокாродுроХாрок்рокுроХ்роХாроХ рокிро░роо்рооாрог்роЯ роородிро▓் роЪுро╡ро░் роОро┤ுрок்рокுро╡родு роОрой்рокродு роЪீройாро╡ிрой் рооுродро▓் рокேро░ро░роЪро░் роХிрой் ро╖ி ро╣ுро╡ாроЩ்роХிрой் роРроЯிропா. роЕро╡ро░родு роЖроЯ்роЪிроХ் роХாро▓род்родிро▓்(роХி.рооு. 220-206) роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு.
роЗродрой் роЪிро▓ рокроХுродிроХро│் роороЯ்роЯுрооே родро▒்рокோродு роЪுро╡ро░ாроХ роиீроЯிроХ்роХிро▒родு. роЕродрой் рокிро▒роХு роХி.рооு. 5роо் роиூро▒்ро▒ாрог்роЯு рооுродро▓் роХி.рокி. 16роо் роиூро▒்ро▒ாрог்роЯு ро╡ро░ைропிро▓் рокро▓்ро╡ேро▒ு роорой்ройро░்роХро│ிрой் роХாро▓роХ் роХроЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓் роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு. роЗроЯிропுроо் роиிро▓ைропிро▓் роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо் рокроХுродிроХро│ுроо் роЕро╡்ро╡рок்рокோродு рокுродுрок்рокிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯு ро╡рои்родродு.
роЗро╡்ро╡ாро▒ு роХிро┤роХ்роХே ро╣ெрокேроп் рооாроХாрогроо் ро╖ாроЩ்ро╣ாроп்роХுро╡ாройிро▓் родொроЯроЩ்роХி рооேро▒்роХிро▓் ро▓ோрок்роиுро░் ро╡ро░ைропிро▓் рокிро░родாрой роЪுро╡ро░், роХிро│ைроЪ் роЪுро╡ро░் роОрой роЪுрооாро░் 8,850 роХி.рооீ. родூро░род்родுроХ்роХு рокிро░рооாрог்роЯрооாроп் роиீро│்роХிро▒родு. рооொрод்род роЪுро╡ро░ுроо் роХро▒்роХро│், рокாро▒ைроХро│ைроХ் роХொрог்роЯே роЕрооைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродாроХ роХро░ுродрок்рокроЯ்роЯு ро╡рои்родродு. роУроХ் рооро░род்родைропுроо் роХро▓் рокோро▓ рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родி роЪுро╡ро░் роХроЯ்роЯிропிро░ுрок்рокродு родொро▓்рокொро░ுро│் роЖроп்ро╡ிро▓் родெро░ிропро╡рои்родுро│்ро│родு.
роЗродுрокро▒்ро▒ி ро▓ропோройிроЩ் роХро▓ாроЪாро░ роиிройைро╡ுроЪ் роЪிрой்ройроЩ்роХро│் роЕрооைрок்рокு рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் рооேрок்рокிроЩ் родுро▒ை роЕродிроХாро░ிроХро│் роХூро▒ிропродாро╡родு: рооро░рок் рокெро░ுроЮ்роЪுро╡ро░் рокро▒்ро▒ி роЪீрой ро╡ро░ро▓ாро▒ுроХро│ிро▓் роХூро▒рок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│рой. роЕродு роЙрог்рооைродாрой் роОрой родро▒்рокோродு родெро░ிропро╡рои்родுро│்ро│родு.
роЪீройாро╡ிрой் ро╡роЯроХிро┤роХ்роХிро▓் ро▓ропோройிроЩ் рооாроХாрогрод்родிро▓் роЯாрог்роЯோроЩ் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роЕродை роТроЯ்роЯிропுро│்ро│ роЗроЯроЩ்роХро│ிро▓் роУроХ் рооро░род்родை рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родி рооிроЩ் роЖроЯ்роЪிроХ் роХாро▓род்родிро▓்(роХி.рокி. 1368 – 1644) рокெро░ுроЮ்роЪுро╡ро░் роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு. рокிрой்ройро░் рооро░роо் роороХ்роХிрок்рокோрой рокிро▒роХு, роЕрои்род роЗроЯроЩ்роХро│ிро▓் роХро▒்роХро│ைроХ் роХொрог்роЯு роЪுро╡ро░் роЪீро░рооைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯிро░ுроХ்роХிро▒родு роОрой்ро▒ாро░்.
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